From Symptoms to Solutions
Understanding ear infections in children

Ear infections are a frequent part of growing up, but for some, they’re more than just an occasional annoyance — they can lead to sleepless nights, endless doctor visits and ongoing discomfort. While many ear infections will clear up on their own, recurring or severe cases may require the expertise of an otolaryngologist, commonly referred to as an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist.

Two kinds of ear infections

A middle ear infection, also known as otitis media, occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum and becomes infected by bacteria or viruses. John Meccia, MD, otolaryngologist, Ridgeview, explains there are two kinds of otitis media — acute and chronic.

Acute otitis media: Comes on quickly, often following a cold or respiratory infection and is caused by trapped fluid that becomes infected by bacteria and viruses. This infection can cause symptoms such as pain, irritability and fever.

Chronic otitis media: Occurs when there is fluid in one or both ears, either often or persistently. Fluid may be present without an infection, which is called chronic otitis media with effusion. Because there is no infection present, your child may not feel pain, discomfort or have a fever.

The second most common illness in children

If your child experiences frequent ear infections, you aren’t alone. In fact, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, ear infections are among the most common childhood illnesses, right after the common cold.

Dr. Meccia explains that there are a few factors that contribute to children experiencing ear infections more frequently than older kids and adults. “One reason is that the eustachian tube takes years to mature in its anatomy and function, and that makes children more inclined to ear infections.”

Dr. Meccia explains two other common reasons: lack of immune competency and exposure. Young children’s immune systems aren’t fully developed, so in settings where they are exposed to many germs, such as daycare, their bodies have a much harder time fighting off infections.

Determining the best treatment

Not all ear infections require antibiotics or tubes, as many will resolve on their own within a few days. For older children with a mild and uncomplicated acute infection, Dr. Meccia says you can treat the infection symptomatically with the use of ibuprofen or acetaminophen (Tylenol), rather than using antibiotics. If the infection persists for more than two or three days, your child’s health care provider may prescribe an antibiotic to help fight the infection. If your child experiences frequent infections, ones that don’t respond to antibiotics or if there is concern of hearing loss, your child’s provider might refer you to an ENT for specialized care.

An ENT may suggest treatments like ear tubes, which help prevent fluid buildup, reduce to the risk of future infections and can make a significant difference in your child’s quality of life. “It’s a great procedure in terms of fixing the problem. It’s very brief, low-risk and is done in the operating room under anesthesia. Working through an operating microscope, I make a small incision in the eardrum, suction out the fluid and place the tube — the whole procedure is done in a matter of minutes.”

Trust the experts

If ear infections are becoming a recurring issue for your child, causing significant discomfort or impacting their quality of life, it might be time to get help from the experts. Dr. Meccia emphasizes that pediatricians and primary care providers do a good job of determining the best course of treatment or next steps. From managing acute infections to identifying when specialized care is needed, they will ensure your child receives the appropriate treatment. Don’t hesitate to talk to your child’s pediatrician or primary care provider to determine if it might be time for a referral to an ENT.

When a referral is necessary, Ridgeview’s team of ENT specialists are here to provide prompt, high-quality care to help your child feel their best. To learn more about ENT services at Ridgeview, visit ridgeviewmedical.org/ent.